Europe Grapples with Shifting Alliances and the Future of Multilateralism

BARCELONA, Spain – A recent speech by European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen sparked a political firestorm in Brussels, highlighting a growing debate over the future of European foreign policy and its commitment to multilateralism. While swiftly retracted, von der Leyen’s call for a “more realistic and interest-driven” approach has ignited concerns about a potential drift away from the principles that underpin the European project.

The initial reaction was swift and critical. President of the European Council, Antonio Costa, immediately rebuked the remarks, fueling rumors of a potential motion of censure within the European Parliament. Several European leaders voiced their disapproval, forcing von der Leyen to fully retract her statement.

The controversy raises a fundamental question: was this a misstep, or does it reflect a deeper shift in thinking within the EU, influenced by a changing global landscape marked by what some describe as “Trumpian chaos” and assertive actions from Beijing and Moscow? According to analysis from the European External Action Service (EEAS), the traditional transatlantic relationship is currently strained, largely due to the policies of the current U.S. administration.

Manuel Manonelles, Associate Professor of International Relations at Blanquerna-Ramon Llull University in Spain, suggests the speech may have been an attempt to align the EU with proposals previously championed by German Chancellor Merz regarding closer ties with the United States. However, Merz’s own standing has weakened, with approval ratings falling to 26%, mirroring a similar decline experienced by former U.S. President Trump.

The timing of von der Leyen’s remarks is particularly sensitive, coming amidst deep divisions within Europe over ongoing geopolitical crises, including conflicts in Iran, Ukraine, and Venezuela. The speech, delivered by the face of the European Union, appeared to contradict the Union’s core principles – principles forged in the aftermath of World War II and rooted in humanism, human rights, and a rules-based international order.

While acknowledging the current crisis facing the United Nations and the erosion of international law, Manonelles argues against abandoning multilateralism. He emphasizes that Europe cannot effectively address pressing global challenges – climate change, migration, public health, and the impact of artificial intelligence – in isolation.

The need for “strategic autonomy” is gaining traction within the EU, but Manonelles stresses this autonomy must extend beyond defense to include technological independence, reducing Europe’s reliance on the United States in critical sectors. He also highlights the importance of strengthening alliances with countries like India and finalizing trade agreements with Mercosur.

Ultimately, Manonelles contends that weakening the international order is “simply irresponsible.” Multilateralism, he asserts, is not merely a matter of principle but a necessity for Europe’s future, requiring a commitment to defending and strengthening the institutions that facilitate international cooperation.

Manuel Manonelles is Associate Professor of International Relations at Blanquerna-Ramon Llull University in Spain.

© Inter Press Service (20260320184537) — All Rights Reserved. Original source: Inter Press Service