Drone strike in Niger kills at least 17 civilians, Human Rights Watch says
KOKOLOKO, Niger – A Nigerien military drone strike on a crowded market in the Tillabéri region on January 6, 2026, killed at least 17 civilians, including four children, and injured at least 13 others, Human Rights Watch reported Tuesday. The strike, which also killed three Islamist fighters, raises serious concerns about violations of international humanitarian law and may constitute a war crime.
The attack occurred in the village of Kokoloko, approximately 120 kilometers (75 miles) west of the capital, Niamey, and less than 3 kilometers (under 2 miles) from the border with Burkina Faso. The area has seen increased activity from the Islamic State in the Sahel (IS Sahel) group, which has been operating in the region since 2019, launching attacks against both the military and civilians.
Witnesses described a chaotic scene as a drone dropped a munition onto the bustling market, which was packed with shoppers at the time.
“I saw the whitish drone flying, then heard something like a whistling before a large explosion,” said a 36-year-old trader who narrowly avoided injury. “The market was hit, and it was full of women and children, women who sell cooked rice, meat soup, and other food; their kids were around, as well as many traders.”
The attack left a trail of devastation, with bodies torn apart and burned, making identification difficult, according to a 67-year-old religious leader who helped collect the remains. Residents buried the victims in a mass grave, separating women and children from men.
Human Rights Watch, in its investigation, interviewed fifteen people, including witnesses, NGO workers, journalists, and residents of Kokoloko. The organization also analyzed videos posted online and satellite imagery confirming the extent of the damage. NASA’s Fire Information for Resource Management System (FIRMS) detected active fires over Kokoloko at the time of the strike.
“The Nigerien military attack that killed three Islamist fighters also killed and injured a large number of civilians in a market in violation of the laws of war,” said Ilaria Allegrozzi, senior Sahel researcher at Human Rights Watch. “The Nigerien authorities should ensure a transparent and impartial investigation into this attack, appropriately prosecute those responsible, and adequately compensate victims and their families.”
The Nigerien military junta, which seized power in a July 2023 coup, has remained silent on the incident. Human Rights Watch sent a letter to the junta’s cabinet on January 26, requesting a response to its findings, but has yet to receive one.
The use of drones by the Nigerien military has increased since 2022, with reports of acquisitions of Turkish-made drones, including Bayraktar TB-2, Karayel-SU, and Aksungur UCAV models. These drones are capable of surveillance and equipped with guided munitions.
The attack in Kokoloko is the latest in a series of incidents raising concerns about civilian casualties in the Tillabéri region. In September 2025, media reported that Nigerien airstrikes killed over 30 civilians in Injar village, also in Tillabéri, during an operation targeting suspected militants. In January 2024, similar strikes in Tiawa village resulted in civilian deaths.
According to data from the Armed Conflict Location & Event Data (ACLED), the Tillabéri region recorded the highest number of fatalities from attacks on civilians in central Sahel in 2025, perpetrated by IS Sahel, the Nigerien military, and the Al Qaeda-linked Group for the Support of Islam and Muslims (JNIM).
Following the strike, nearly all of Kokoloko’s 1,200 residents fled to neighboring villages or across the border into Mali. The incident underscores the urgent need for accountability and measures to protect civilians in the escalating conflict in the Sahel region.
Allegrozzi emphasized the responsibility of foreign governments supporting Niger’s military to press the authorities to adopt measures to avoid harming local populations and to provide adequate compensation to victims and their families.
Link to ACLED data: https://acleddata.com/update/africa-overview-january-2026
Link to Reuters report on September 2025 airstrike: https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/airstrike-kills-least-30-near-market-western-niger-sources-say-2025-09-26
Link to RFI report on January 2024 drone strikes: https://www.rfi.fr/fr/afrique/20240107-niger-la-junte-reconna%C3%AEt-des-victimes-civiles-apr%C3%A8s-des-frappes-de-drone-dans-le-sud-ouest
